diff --git a/src/game/engine/src/modules/combat/combat_resolver.gd b/src/game/engine/src/modules/combat/combat_resolver.gd
index 015065a2..8b39209d 100644
--- a/src/game/engine/src/modules/combat/combat_resolver.gd
+++ b/src/game/engine/src/modules/combat/combat_resolver.gd
@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ func _apply_resolve_results(
 		defender.hp = defender_hp
 	elif defender is CityScript:
 		defender.hp = int(result.get("city_hp_remaining", defender.hp))
+		if int(result.get("city_damage", 0)) > 0:
+			(defender as CityScript).mark_attacked(GameState.turn_number)
 
 	var attacker_killed: bool = bool(
 		result.get("attacker_killed", attacker_hp <= 0)
diff --git a/src/simulator/crates/mc-ai/src/mcts_tree.rs b/src/simulator/crates/mc-ai/src/mcts_tree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b145d6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/simulator/crates/mc-ai/src/mcts_tree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+//! Tree Monte Carlo Tree Search scaffold (Node + UCB1 select/expand/simulate/backpropagate).
+//!
+//! FOUNDATION ONLY. Not wired into gameplay. SimpleHeuristicAi continues to drive games.
+//! `simulate()` is stubbed to return 0.5 until full Rust game simulation exists.
+//!
+//! Generic over a `TreeState` trait so callers plug in their own state + action types
+//! without this module depending on mc-core / mc-turn.
+
+use crate::mcts::XorShift64;
+
+/// State + action interface the tree MCTS operates over.
+pub trait TreeState: Clone {
+    type Action: Clone;
+
+    /// All legal actions from this state. Empty => terminal.
+    fn legal_actions(&self) -> Vec<Self::Action>;
+
+    /// Apply an action, producing the child state.
+    fn apply(&self, action: &Self::Action) -> Self;
+
+    /// Terminal check. Default: no legal actions.
+    fn is_terminal(&self) -> bool {
+        self.legal_actions().is_empty()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Tree node. `children` holds indices into the owning arena (`Tree::nodes`).
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Node<S: TreeState> {
+    pub state: S,
+    pub parent: Option<usize>,
+    pub action: Option<S::Action>,
+    pub children: Vec<usize>,
+    pub untried: Vec<S::Action>,
+    pub visits: u32,
+    pub wins: f32,
+}
+
+impl<S: TreeState> Node<S> {
+    fn new(state: S, parent: Option<usize>, action: Option<S::Action>) -> Self {
+        let untried = state.legal_actions();
+        Self { state, parent, action, children: Vec::new(), untried, visits: 0, wins: 0.0 }
+    }
+
+    fn is_fully_expanded(&self) -> bool {
+        self.untried.is_empty()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Arena-allocated tree. Index 0 is always the root.
+pub struct Tree<S: TreeState> {
+    pub nodes: Vec<Node<S>>,
+    pub exploration_constant: f32,
+}
+
+impl<S: TreeState> Tree<S> {
+    pub fn new(root_state: S) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            nodes: vec![Node::new(root_state, None, None)],
+            exploration_constant: std::f32::consts::SQRT_2,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn root(&self) -> &Node<S> {
+        &self.nodes[0]
+    }
+
+    /// Descend from root via UCB1 to a node that is not fully expanded or is terminal.
+    pub fn select(&self, mut idx: usize) -> usize {
+        while self.nodes[idx].is_fully_expanded() && !self.nodes[idx].children.is_empty() {
+            idx = self.best_ucb1_child(idx);
+        }
+        idx
+    }
+
+    fn best_ucb1_child(&self, idx: usize) -> usize {
+        let parent_visits = (self.nodes[idx].visits as f32).max(1.0);
+        let log_n = parent_visits.ln().max(0.0);
+        *self.nodes[idx]
+            .children
+            .iter()
+            .max_by(|&&a, &&b| {
+                let sa = self.ucb1(a, log_n);
+                let sb = self.ucb1(b, log_n);
+                sa.partial_cmp(&sb).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
+            })
+            .expect("best_ucb1_child requires non-empty children")
+    }
+
+    fn ucb1(&self, idx: usize, log_parent: f32) -> f32 {
+        let n = &self.nodes[idx];
+        if n.visits == 0 {
+            return f32::INFINITY;
+        }
+        let avg = n.wins / n.visits as f32;
+        let explore = self.exploration_constant * (log_parent / n.visits as f32).sqrt();
+        avg + explore
+    }
+
+    /// Expand one untried action from `idx`, returning the new child index.
+    /// Returns `None` if already fully expanded.
+    pub fn expand(&mut self, idx: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        let action = self.nodes[idx].untried.pop()?;
+        let child_state = self.nodes[idx].state.apply(&action);
+        let child = Node::new(child_state, Some(idx), Some(action));
+        let child_idx = self.nodes.len();
+        self.nodes.push(child);
+        self.nodes[idx].children.push(child_idx);
+        Some(child_idx)
+    }
+
+    /// Stubbed rollout. Returns 0.5 regardless of state until game simulation lands.
+    /// `_rng` is threaded so future random rollouts slot in without API changes.
+    pub fn simulate(&self, _idx: usize, _rng: &mut XorShift64) -> f32 {
+        0.5
+    }
+
+    /// Propagate `reward` from `idx` up to the root, incrementing visits and wins.
+    pub fn backpropagate(&mut self, mut idx: usize, reward: f32) {
+        loop {
+            let n = &mut self.nodes[idx];
+            n.visits += 1;
+            n.wins += reward;
+            match n.parent {
+                Some(p) => idx = p,
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run one full MCTS iteration (select → expand → simulate → backpropagate).
+    pub fn iterate(&mut self, rng: &mut XorShift64) {
+        let leaf = self.select(0);
+        let target = self.expand(leaf).unwrap_or(leaf);
+        let reward = self.simulate(target, rng);
+        self.backpropagate(target, reward);
+    }
+}