diff --git a/src/game/engine/scenes/tests/iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof.gd b/src/game/engine/scenes/tests/iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof.gd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7932fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/engine/scenes/tests/iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof.gd
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+extends Node2D
+## Iter 7p — Turn Cycle Proof Scene.
+##
+## Programmatically verifies the click-move-end_turn interaction loop:
+##   1. Boot game state with a small hand-built map
+##   2. Create one human player with a single warrior unit
+##   3. Select the unit
+##   4. Move it one hex
+##   5. End turn
+##   6. Assert: turn_number==2, position changed, movement refreshed
+
+const PlayerScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/player.gd")
+const UnitScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/unit.gd")
+const GameMapScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/map/game_map.gd")
+const TileScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/map/tile.gd")
+const HexUtilsScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/map/hex_utils.gd")
+const PathfinderScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/map/pathfinder.gd")
+
+const OUTPUT_DIR: String = "user://screenshots"
+
+var _game_map: RefCounted = null
+var _player: RefCounted = null
+var _unit: RefCounted = null
+var _label: Label = null
+var _title: Label = null
+var _captured: bool = false
+var _log_lines: Array[String] = []
+var _all_passed: bool = true
+
+
+func _ready() -> void:
+	_build_ui()
+	await get_tree().process_frame
+	_run_proof()
+	_redraw_info()
+
+	await get_tree().create_timer(1.5).timeout
+	_capture_and_quit()
+
+
+func _build_ui() -> void:
+	DisplayServer.window_set_size(Vector2i(1920, 1080))
+	get_viewport().size = Vector2i(1920, 1080)
+
+	var bg: ColorRect = ColorRect.new()
+	bg.color = Color(0.06, 0.08, 0.12)
+	bg.size = Vector2(1920, 1080)
+	add_child(bg)
+
+	_title = Label.new()
+	_title.text = "Iter 7p — Turn Cycle Proof"
+	_title.position = Vector2(60, 30)
+	_title.add_theme_font_size_override("font_size", 32)
+	_title.add_theme_color_override("font_color", Color(0.9, 0.85, 0.6))
+	add_child(_title)
+
+	_label = Label.new()
+	_label.position = Vector2(60, 80)
+	_label.add_theme_font_size_override("font_size", 18)
+	_label.add_theme_color_override("font_color", Color(0.8, 0.8, 0.85))
+	add_child(_label)
+
+
+func _run_proof() -> void:
+	_step_load_theme()
+	_step_build_map()
+	_step_create_player()
+	_step_start_turn()
+	_step_compute_range()
+	_step_move_unit()
+	_step_end_turn()
+	_step_verify_refresh()
+	_report_verdict()
+
+
+func _step_load_theme() -> void:
+	_log("Loading theme 'age-of-dwarves'...")
+	DataLoader.load_theme("age-of-dwarves")
+	DataLoader.load_world("earth")
+	_log("  Theme loaded")
+
+
+func _step_build_map() -> void:
+	_log("Building 5x5 test map...")
+	var settings: Dictionary = {
+		"seed": 42,
+		"map_type": "continents",
+		"map_size": "duel",
+		"num_players": 1,
+	}
+	GameState.initialize_game(settings)
+
+	_game_map = GameMapScript.new()
+	_game_map.initialize(5, 5, HexUtilsScript.WrapMode.NONE)
+	for col: int in range(5):
+		for row: int in range(5):
+			var axial: Vector2i = HexUtilsScript.offset_to_axial(Vector2i(col, row))
+			var tile: TileScript = TileScript.new()
+			tile.position = axial
+			tile.biome_id = "grassland"
+			_game_map.set_tile(axial, tile)
+	_game_map.start_positions = [Vector2i(0, 0)]
+
+	var primary: Dictionary = GameState.get_primary_layer()
+	primary["map"] = _game_map
+	_log("  Map: %dx%d, %d tiles" % [
+		_game_map.width, _game_map.height, _game_map.tiles.size()
+	])
+
+
+func _step_create_player() -> void:
+	_log("Creating player + warrior unit...")
+	_player = PlayerScript.new()
+	_player.index = 0
+	_player.is_human = true
+	_player.player_name = "Test Player"
+	_player.race_id = "dwarf"
+	_player.color = Color(0.85, 0.65, 0.2)
+	GameState.players.append(_player)
+
+	var start_pos: Vector2i = Vector2i(0, 0)
+	_unit = UnitScript.new("dwarf_warrior", 0, start_pos)
+	_unit.instance_id = "test_warrior_0"
+	_player.units.append(_unit)
+	var primary: Dictionary = GameState.get_primary_layer()
+	var layer_units: Array = primary.get("units", [])
+	layer_units.append(_unit)
+	primary["units"] = layer_units
+	_log("  Unit at %s, movement=%d/%d, hp=%d/%d" % [
+		str(_unit.position), _unit.movement_remaining, _unit.max_movement,
+		_unit.hp, _unit.max_hp,
+	])
+
+
+func _step_start_turn() -> void:
+	_log("Starting turn 1...")
+	TurnManager.start_turn()
+	_assert_eq("turn_number after start", GameState.turn_number, 1)
+	_assert_eq("phase after start", TurnManager.get_phase_name(), "player_actions")
+
+
+func _step_compute_range() -> void:
+	_log("Computing movement range from %s..." % str(_unit.position))
+	var reachable: Dictionary = PathfinderScript.movement_range(
+		_game_map, _unit.position, _unit.movement_remaining, _unit.unit_type
+	)
+	_log("  Reachable hexes: %d (budget=%d)" % [
+		reachable.size(), _unit.movement_remaining
+	])
+	_assert_true("reachable hexes > 1", reachable.size() > 1)
+
+
+func _step_move_unit() -> void:
+	var reachable: Dictionary = PathfinderScript.movement_range(
+		_game_map, _unit.position, _unit.movement_remaining, _unit.unit_type
+	)
+	var target: Vector2i = Vector2i.ZERO
+	var move_cost: int = 0
+	for pos: Vector2i in reachable:
+		if pos != _unit.position:
+			target = pos
+			move_cost = reachable[pos]
+			break
+	_log("  Moving to %s (cost=%d)..." % [str(target), move_cost])
+	var original_pos: Vector2i = _unit.position
+
+	var path: Array[Vector2i] = PathfinderScript.find_path(
+		_game_map, _unit.position, target, _unit.movement_remaining, _unit.unit_type
+	)
+	_assert_true("path is non-empty", not path.is_empty())
+
+	_unit.position = target
+	_unit.movement_remaining -= move_cost
+	EventBus.unit_moved.emit(_unit, original_pos, target)
+	_log("  Unit now at %s, movement_remaining=%d" % [
+		str(_unit.position), _unit.movement_remaining
+	])
+	_assert_eq("position changed", _unit.position, target)
+	_assert_true("position != original", _unit.position != original_pos)
+
+
+func _step_end_turn() -> void:
+	_log("Ending turn...")
+	TurnManager.end_turn()
+	_log("  Turn number: %d" % GameState.turn_number)
+	_assert_eq("turn_number after end_turn", GameState.turn_number, 2)
+
+
+func _step_verify_refresh() -> void:
+	_log("  Movement after refresh: %d/%d" % [
+		_unit.movement_remaining, _unit.max_movement
+	])
+	_assert_eq(
+		"movement refreshed", _unit.movement_remaining, _unit.get_movement()
+	)
+	_assert_true(
+		"movement > 0 after refresh", _unit.movement_remaining > 0
+	)
+	var reachable: Dictionary = PathfinderScript.movement_range(
+		_game_map, _unit.position, _unit.movement_remaining, _unit.unit_type
+	)
+	_assert_true(
+		"unit can move again after refresh", reachable.size() > 1
+	)
+
+
+func _report_verdict() -> void:
+	_log("")
+	if _all_passed:
+		_log("ALL ASSERTIONS PASSED — turn cycle is operational")
+		_title.text = "Iter 7p — TURN CYCLE PROOF: PASS"
+		_title.add_theme_color_override("font_color", Color(0.2, 1.0, 0.3))
+	else:
+		_title.text = "Iter 7p — TURN CYCLE PROOF: FAIL"
+		_title.add_theme_color_override("font_color", Color.RED)
+
+
+func _assert_eq(label: String, actual: Variant, expected: Variant) -> void:
+	if actual == expected:
+		_log("  PASS: %s == %s" % [label, str(expected)])
+	else:
+		_log("  FAIL: %s — expected %s, got %s" % [label, str(expected), str(actual)])
+		_all_passed = false
+
+
+func _assert_true(label: String, condition: bool) -> void:
+	if condition:
+		_log("  PASS: %s" % label)
+	else:
+		_log("  FAIL: %s" % label)
+		_all_passed = false
+
+
+func _log(msg: String) -> void:
+	_log_lines.append(msg)
+	print("turn_cycle_proof: %s" % msg)
+
+
+func _redraw_info() -> void:
+	_label.text = "\n".join(_log_lines)
+
+
+func _capture_and_quit() -> void:
+	if _captured:
+		return
+	_captured = true
+	DirAccess.make_dir_recursive_absolute(
+		ProjectSettings.globalize_path(OUTPUT_DIR)
+	)
+	var image: Image = get_viewport().get_texture().get_image()
+	if image == null:
+		push_error("iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof: viewport image null")
+		get_tree().quit(1)
+		return
+	var timestamp: String = Time.get_datetime_string_from_system().replace(
+		":", "-"
+	).replace("T", "_")
+	var rel_path: String = "%s/%s_%s.png" % [
+		OUTPUT_DIR, "iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof", timestamp
+	]
+	var abs_path: String = ProjectSettings.globalize_path(rel_path)
+	var err: Error = image.save_png(abs_path)
+	if err == OK:
+		print("SCREENSHOT_PATH:%s" % abs_path)
+	else:
+		push_error("iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof: save failed: %s" % error_string(err))
+	get_tree().quit(0 if _all_passed else 1)
diff --git a/src/game/engine/scenes/tests/iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof.tscn b/src/game/engine/scenes/tests/iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof.tscn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb9b8877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/engine/scenes/tests/iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof.tscn
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[gd_scene load_steps=2 format=3]
+
+[ext_resource type="Script" path="res://engine/scenes/tests/iter_7p_turn_cycle_proof.gd" id="1"]
+
+[node name="Iter7pTurnCycleProof" type="Node2D"]
+script = ExtResource("1")
diff --git a/src/game/engine/src/modules/ai/ai_turn_bridge.gd b/src/game/engine/src/modules/ai/ai_turn_bridge.gd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..298556a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/engine/src/modules/ai/ai_turn_bridge.gd
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+class_name AiTurnBridge
+extends RefCounted
+## Bridges the Rust GdAiController into the GDScript turn loop.
+##
+## Builds an AiPlayerState JSON from live GameState objects, calls
+## GdAiController.decide_actions, and applies each returned action
+## dict back onto the live game objects (move units, found cities,
+## set production). Extracted from turn_manager.gd to keep that file
+## under the 500-line cap.
+##
+## Follows the same ClassDB.instantiate pattern as RustFaunaBridge.
+
+const CityScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/city.gd")
+const PlayerScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/player.gd")
+const UnitScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/unit.gd")
+
+
+## Run all AI decisions for one player, apply them, then return the count
+## of actions applied. Returns 0 if the extension is missing or the player
+## has no actionable state.
+static func run(player: RefCounted) -> int:
+	var controller: RefCounted = ClassDB.instantiate("GdAiController") as RefCounted
+	if controller == null:
+		push_warning(
+			"AiTurnBridge: GdAiController not registered "
+			+ "(GDExtension missing or out-of-date)"
+		)
+		return 0
+
+	var state_json: String = _build_player_state_json(player)
+	if state_json.is_empty():
+		return 0
+
+	var actions: Array = controller.call("decide_actions", state_json)
+	if actions.is_empty():
+		return 0
+
+	var applied: int = 0
+	for action: Dictionary in actions:
+		if _apply_action(action, player):
+			applied += 1
+	return applied
+
+
+# ── State serialization ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+static func _build_player_state_json(player: RefCounted) -> String:
+	var game_map: RefCounted = GameState.get_game_map()
+	var map_w: int = 0
+	var map_h: int = 0
+	if game_map != null:
+		map_w = int(game_map.width)
+		map_h = int(game_map.height)
+
+	var axes: Dictionary = player.strategic_axes
+	if axes.is_empty():
+		var race_data: Dictionary = DataLoader.get_race(player.race_id)
+		axes = race_data.get("strategic_axes", {})
+
+	var units_arr: Array = _build_units_snapshot(player)
+	var cities_arr: Array = []
+	var city_positions: Array = []
+	_build_cities_snapshot(player, cities_arr, city_positions)
+
+	var counts: Dictionary = _count_army_composition(player)
+
+	var enemy_units: Array = []
+	var enemy_city_count: int = 0
+	_build_enemy_snapshot(player, enemy_units, counts)
+	for other: RefCounted in GameState.players:
+		if other is PlayerScript and other.index != player.index:
+			enemy_city_count += other.cities.size()
+
+	var state: Dictionary = {
+		"player_index": player.index,
+		"race_id": player.race_id,
+		"gold": player.gold,
+		"turn": GameState.turn_number,
+		"threat_level": 0.0,
+		"cities": cities_arr,
+		"units": units_arr,
+		"strategic_axes": axes,
+		"researched_tech_count": player.researched_techs.size(),
+		"is_researching": not player.researching.is_empty(),
+		"map_width": map_w,
+		"map_height": map_h,
+		"city_positions": city_positions,
+		"enemy_units": enemy_units,
+		"enemy_city_count": enemy_city_count,
+		"army_melee": int(counts.get("army_melee", 0)),
+		"army_ranged": int(counts.get("army_ranged", 0)),
+		"army_flying": int(counts.get("army_flying", 0)),
+		"enemy_melee": int(counts.get("enemy_melee", 0)),
+		"enemy_ranged": int(counts.get("enemy_ranged", 0)),
+		"enemy_flying": int(counts.get("enemy_flying", 0)),
+	}
+	return JSON.stringify(state)
+
+
+static func _build_units_snapshot(player: RefCounted) -> Array:
+	var out: Array = []
+	for u: Unit in player.units:
+		if not u.is_alive():
+			continue
+		var hp_frac: float = float(u.hp) / maxf(1.0, float(u.max_hp))
+		out.append({
+			"unit_type": u.unit_id,
+			"is_founder": u.can_found_city,
+			"hp_fraction": hp_frac,
+			"col": u.position.x,
+			"row": u.position.y,
+			"attack": u.attack,
+			"defense": u.defense,
+			"has_moved": u.movement_remaining <= 0,
+		})
+	return out
+
+
+static func _build_cities_snapshot(
+	player: RefCounted,
+	cities_arr: Array,
+	city_positions: Array,
+) -> void:
+	for c: RefCounted in player.cities:
+		var pop: int = c.get_population() if c.has_method("get_population") else 1
+		cities_arr.append({
+			"id": c.id,
+			"population": pop,
+			"food_surplus": 0,
+			"yields": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+			"queue_empty": c.production_queue.is_empty(),
+			"building_count": c.buildings.size(),
+			"is_capital": c.is_capital,
+			"existing_buildings": Array(c.buildings),
+		})
+		city_positions.append([c.position.x, c.position.y])
+
+
+static func _count_army_composition(player: RefCounted) -> Dictionary:
+	var counts: Dictionary = {
+		"army_melee": 0,
+		"army_ranged": 0,
+		"army_flying": 0,
+		"enemy_melee": 0,
+		"enemy_ranged": 0,
+		"enemy_flying": 0,
+	}
+	for u: Unit in player.units:
+		if not u.is_alive():
+			continue
+		var domain: String = u.unit_type
+		if domain == "flying":
+			counts["army_flying"] = int(counts["army_flying"]) + 1
+		elif u.ranged_attack > 0:
+			counts["army_ranged"] = int(counts["army_ranged"]) + 1
+		else:
+			counts["army_melee"] = int(counts["army_melee"]) + 1
+	return counts
+
+
+static func _build_enemy_snapshot(
+	player: RefCounted,
+	enemy_units: Array,
+	counts: Dictionary,
+) -> void:
+	for other: RefCounted in GameState.players:
+		if not other is PlayerScript:
+			continue
+		if other.index == player.index:
+			continue
+		for eu: Unit in other.units:
+			if not eu.is_alive():
+				continue
+			var hp_frac: float = float(eu.hp) / maxf(1.0, float(eu.max_hp))
+			enemy_units.append([
+				eu.position.x, eu.position.y, eu.attack, eu.defense, hp_frac,
+			])
+			var domain: String = eu.unit_type
+			if domain == "flying":
+				counts["enemy_flying"] = int(counts["enemy_flying"]) + 1
+			elif eu.ranged_attack > 0:
+				counts["enemy_ranged"] = int(counts["enemy_ranged"]) + 1
+			else:
+				counts["enemy_melee"] = int(counts["enemy_melee"]) + 1
+
+
+# ── Action application ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+static func _apply_action(action: Dictionary, player: RefCounted) -> bool:
+	var action_type: String = String(action.get("type", ""))
+	match action_type:
+		"move_unit":
+			return _apply_move(action, player)
+		"found_city":
+			return _apply_found_city(action, player)
+		"set_production":
+			return _apply_set_production(action, player)
+		"attack":
+			push_warning("AiTurnBridge: 'attack' action not yet wired — skipping")
+			return false
+	push_warning("AiTurnBridge: unknown action type '%s'" % action_type)
+	return false
+
+
+static func _apply_move(action: Dictionary, player: RefCounted) -> bool:
+	var idx: int = int(action.get("unit_index", -1))
+	if idx < 0 or idx >= player.units.size():
+		return false
+	var unit: Unit = player.units[idx] as Unit
+	if unit == null or not unit.is_alive():
+		return false
+	var target_col: int = int(action.get("target_col", 0))
+	var target_row: int = int(action.get("target_row", 0))
+	var from: Vector2i = unit.position
+	var to: Vector2i = Vector2i(target_col, target_row)
+	unit.position = to
+	unit.movement_remaining = maxi(0, unit.movement_remaining - 1)
+	EventBus.unit_moved.emit(unit, from, to)
+	return true
+
+
+static func _apply_found_city(action: Dictionary, player: RefCounted) -> bool:
+	var idx: int = int(action.get("unit_index", -1))
+	if idx < 0 or idx >= player.units.size():
+		return false
+	var unit: Unit = player.units[idx] as Unit
+	if unit == null or not unit.is_alive() or not unit.can_found_city:
+		return false
+
+	var city_name: String = String(action.get("city_name", ""))
+	if city_name.is_empty():
+		city_name = _generate_city_name(player)
+
+	var city: RefCounted = CityScript.new()
+	var is_capital: bool = player.cities.is_empty()
+	city.found(city_name, unit.position.x, unit.position.y, is_capital, GameState.turn_number)
+	city.player = player
+	city.owner = player.index
+	player.cities.append(city)
+
+	player.units.erase(unit)
+	var primary: Dictionary = GameState.get_primary_layer()
+	primary.get("units", []).erase(unit)
+
+	EventBus.unit_destroyed.emit(unit, null)
+	EventBus.city_founded.emit(city, player.index)
+	return true
+
+
+static func _apply_set_production(action: Dictionary, player: RefCounted) -> bool:
+	var idx: int = int(action.get("city_index", -1))
+	if idx < 0 or idx >= player.cities.size():
+		return false
+	var city: RefCounted = player.cities[idx] as RefCounted
+	if city == null:
+		return false
+
+	var item_type: String = String(action.get("item_type", ""))
+	var item_id: String = String(action.get("item_id", ""))
+	if item_type.is_empty() or item_id.is_empty():
+		return false
+
+	city.production_queue = [{"type": item_type, "id": item_id}]
+	city.production_progress = 0
+	return true
+
+
+static func _generate_city_name(player: RefCounted) -> String:
+	var race_data: Dictionary = DataLoader.get_race(player.race_id)
+	var city_names: Array = race_data.get("city_names", [])
+	var city_index: int = player.cities.size()
+	if city_index < city_names.size():
+		return city_names[city_index]
+	return "%s City %d" % [ThemeVocabulary.lookup(player.race_id), city_index + 1]
diff --git a/src/game/engine/src/modules/ai/ai_turn_bridge.gd.uid b/src/game/engine/src/modules/ai/ai_turn_bridge.gd.uid
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7771250f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/engine/src/modules/ai/ai_turn_bridge.gd.uid
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uid://1503275c90364
diff --git a/src/game/engine/src/modules/management/turn_processor_helpers.gd b/src/game/engine/src/modules/management/turn_processor_helpers.gd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54d0487f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/engine/src/modules/management/turn_processor_helpers.gd
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+extends RefCounted
+## Heavy GDScript-side helpers for TurnProcessor that lack Rust bridges.
+## Each method here is marked with an iter tag for future migration to Rust.
+
+const PlayerScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/player.gd")
+const UnitScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/unit.gd")
+const CityScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/city.gd")
+const BuildingScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/building.gd")
+const TerrainAffinityScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/core/terrain_affinity.gd")
+const SpellSystemScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/modules/magic/spell_system.gd")
+const HappinessScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/modules/empire/happiness.gd")
+const TechWebScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/modules/tech/tech_web.gd")
+
+
+# ── Production (delegates to CityScript.apply_production → Rust) ──
+
+
+static func process_production(
+	player: RefCounted, unit_manager: RefCounted,
+) -> void:
+	var game_map: RefCounted = GameState.get_game_map()
+	if game_map == null:
+		return
+	var prod_modifier: float = 1.0
+	if player is PlayerScript and not player.is_human:
+		prod_modifier = GameState.ai_difficulty_modifier
+	for city: RefCounted in player.cities:
+		if not city is CityScript:
+			continue
+		var c: CityScript = city as CityScript
+		var tile_json: String = build_tile_yields_json(c, game_map)
+		var yields: Dictionary = c.get_yields(tile_json)
+		var hammers: int = int(yields.get("production", 1) * prod_modifier)
+		# Capture current item before apply_production pops it on completion.
+		var current: Dictionary = (
+			c.production_queue.front() as Dictionary
+			if not c.production_queue.is_empty()
+			else {}
+		)
+		if not c.apply_production(hammers):
+			continue
+		var item_type: String = current.get("type", "")
+		var item_id: String = current.get("id", "")
+		if item_type == "unit":
+			var unit: RefCounted = unit_manager.create_unit(
+				item_id, player.index, c.position, player
+			)
+			if unit != null:
+				EventBus.city_unit_completed.emit(city, unit)
+		elif item_type == "building":
+			c.add_building(item_id)
+			EventBus.city_building_completed.emit(city, item_id)
+
+
+# ── Research (spell research GDScript, tech research → GdTechWeb) ─
+
+
+static func process_research(
+	player: RefCounted, spell_system: RefCounted, tech_web: RefCounted,
+) -> void:
+	if player.researching.is_empty():
+		return
+	var science: int = _calculate_science_income(player)
+
+	# Spell research stays in GDScript — GdTechWeb handles techs only.
+	var spell_data: Dictionary = DataLoader.get_spell(player.researching)
+	if not spell_data.is_empty():
+		if EnvConfig.get_bool("FORCE_UNLIMITED_RESEARCH"):
+			science = 999999
+		player.research_progress += science
+		var spell_cost: int = spell_data.get("research_cost", 999999)
+		if player.research_progress >= spell_cost:
+			var completed_spell: String = player.researching
+			player.research_progress = 0
+			player.researching = ""
+			var sys: SpellSystemScript = spell_system as SpellSystemScript
+			sys.research_spell(player.index, completed_spell)
+		return
+
+	# Tech research — delegate to GdTechWeb (Rust).
+	if EnvConfig.get_bool("FORCE_UNLIMITED_RESEARCH"):
+		science = 999999
+	var tw: TechWebScript = tech_web as TechWebScript
+	var result: Dictionary = tw.add_science(str(player.index), science)
+	if result.get("status", "") == "completed":
+		_handle_tech_completion(player, result.get("tech_id", ""))
+
+
+# ── Growth (delegates to CityScript.process_growth → Rust GdCity) ─
+
+
+static func process_growth(player: RefCounted) -> void:
+	var game_map: RefCounted = GameState.get_game_map()
+	if game_map == null:
+		return
+	if player.happiness < HappinessScript.UNHAPPY_THRESHOLD:
+		return
+	for city: RefCounted in player.cities:
+		if city is CityScript:
+			var c: CityScript = city as CityScript
+			var tile_json: String = build_tile_yields_json(c, game_map)
+			c.process_growth(tile_json)
+
+
+# ── Healing (iter 7w: move to mc-turn::process_healing) ──────────
+
+
+static func process_healing(player: RefCounted) -> void:
+	var game_map: RefCounted = GameState.get_game_map()
+	if game_map == null:
+		return
+	for unit: RefCounted in player.units:
+		if not unit is UnitScript:
+			continue
+		var u: UnitScript = unit as UnitScript
+		var tile: Resource = game_map.get_tile(u.position) as Resource
+		if tile != null:
+			TerrainAffinityScript.apply_terrain_power_unit_effect(
+				u, tile.biome_id, game_map
+			)
+			apply_dead_zone_damage(u, tile)
+		if u.hp >= u.max_hp:
+			continue
+		if u.movement_remaining < u.get_movement() or u.has_attacked:
+			continue
+		var heal_amount: int = _get_healing_rate(u, player, game_map)
+		if heal_amount > 0:
+			u.heal(heal_amount)
+			EventBus.unit_healed.emit(unit, heal_amount)
+
+
+# ── Mana income (iter 7w: move to mc-magic::process_mana) ────────
+
+
+static func process_mana(
+	player: RefCounted, game_map: RefCounted = null,
+) -> void:
+	var new_income: Dictionary = {}
+	if game_map != null:
+		for city: RefCounted in player.cities:
+			if not city is CityScript:
+				continue
+			var c: CityScript = city as CityScript
+			var tile_json: String = build_tile_yields_json(c, game_map)
+			var city_yields: Dictionary = c.get_yields(tile_json)
+			var city_mana: Dictionary = city_yields.get("mana", {}) as Dictionary
+			for school: String in city_mana:
+				new_income[school] = (
+					new_income.get(school, 0.0) + float(city_mana[school])
+				)
+	player.mana_income = new_income
+	if player.mana_income.is_empty():
+		return
+	for school: String in player.mana_income:
+		var income: int = roundi(player.mana_income[school])
+		var current: int = player.mana_pool.get(school, 0)
+		player.mana_pool[school] = mini(current + income, player.mana_cap)
+	EventBus.mana_changed.emit(player.index, player.mana_pool)
+
+
+# ── Improvements (trivial loop, acceptable in GDScript) ──────────
+
+
+static func process_improvements(player: RefCounted) -> void:
+	if player.pending_improvements.is_empty():
+		return
+	var completed_indices: Array[int] = []
+	for i: int in range(player.pending_improvements.size()):
+		var imp: Dictionary = player.pending_improvements[i] as Dictionary
+		imp["turns_remaining"] = imp.get("turns_remaining", 1) - 1
+		if imp["turns_remaining"] <= 0:
+			completed_indices.append(i)
+			var tile_pos: Vector2i = Vector2i(imp.get("x", 0), imp.get("y", 0))
+			EventBus.improvement_completed.emit(tile_pos, imp.get("type", ""))
+	for i: int in range(completed_indices.size() - 1, -1, -1):
+		player.pending_improvements.remove_at(completed_indices[i])
+
+
+# ── Summon spawning ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+static func spawn_pending_summons(
+	sys: SpellSystemScript,
+	player: RefCounted,
+	unit_manager: RefCounted,
+) -> void:
+	if sys.pending_summons.is_empty():
+		return
+	var remaining: Array[Dictionary] = []
+	var capital: RefCounted = _find_capital(player)
+	for summon: Dictionary in sys.pending_summons:
+		if summon.get("player_index", -1) != player.index:
+			remaining.append(summon)
+			continue
+		var unit: RefCounted = unit_manager.create_unit(
+			summon.get("unit_id", ""),
+			player.index,
+			summon.get("position", Vector2i.ZERO),
+			player,
+		)
+		if unit != null:
+			(unit as UnitScript).is_summoned = true
+			EventBus.city_unit_completed.emit(capital, unit)
+	sys.pending_summons.assign(remaining)
+
+
+# ── Dead-zone damage (iter 7w: move to mc-turn) ─────────────────
+
+
+static func apply_dead_zone_damage(unit: RefCounted, tile: Resource) -> void:
+	if not (unit as UnitScript).is_summoned:
+		return
+	var density: float = tile.mana_density if "mana_density" in tile else 0.0
+	var params: Dictionary = DataLoader.get_ley_line_params()
+	var dead_threshold: float = params.get("dead_zone", {}).get("threshold", 0.1)
+	if density >= dead_threshold:
+		return
+	var hp_loss: int = params.get("dead_zone", {}).get("summon_hp_loss_per_turn", 5)
+	(unit as UnitScript).take_damage(hp_loss)
+	EventBus.climate_damage_applied.emit(unit, "dead_zone", hp_loss)
+
+
+# ── Dead-zone enchantment decay (iter 7w: move to mc-magic) ─────
+
+
+static func apply_dead_zone_enchantment_decay(
+	sys: RefCounted, player: RefCounted,
+) -> void:
+	var game_map: RefCounted = GameState.get_game_map()
+	if game_map == null:
+		return
+	var params: Dictionary = DataLoader.get_ley_line_params()
+	var dead_threshold: float = params.get("dead_zone", {}).get("threshold", 0.1)
+	var decay_mult: float = params.get("dead_zone", {}).get(
+		"enchantment_decay_multiplier", 2.0
+	)
+	if decay_mult <= 1.0:
+		return
+	var spell_sys: SpellSystemScript = sys as SpellSystemScript
+	var rem: Array[int] = []
+	for i: int in range(spell_sys.unit_enchantments.size()):
+		var enc: Dictionary = spell_sys.unit_enchantments[i]
+		if enc.get("caster_player", -1) != player.index:
+			continue
+		var dur: int = enc.get("turns_remaining", -1)
+		if dur < 0:
+			continue
+		var unit_id: String = enc.get("unit_id", "")
+		var target_unit: RefCounted = _find_unit_by_render_id(unit_id)
+		if target_unit == null:
+			continue
+		var tile: Resource = game_map.get_tile(
+			(target_unit as UnitScript).position
+		) as Resource
+		if tile == null:
+			continue
+		var density: float = tile.mana_density if "mana_density" in tile else 0.0
+		if density >= dead_threshold:
+			continue
+		enc["turns_remaining"] = dur - 1
+		if enc["turns_remaining"] <= 0:
+			rem.append(i)
+			EventBus.enchantment_removed.emit(
+				target_unit, enc.get("spell_id", "")
+			)
+	for i: int in range(rem.size() - 1, -1, -1):
+		spell_sys.unit_enchantments.remove_at(rem[i])
+
+
+# ── Archon formation (iter 7w: move to mc-magic or mc-turn) ─────
+
+
+static func form_high_archon(player: RefCounted) -> void:
+	var ArchonScript: GDScript = preload("res://engine/src/entities/archon.gd")
+	var capital: RefCounted = _find_capital(player)
+	if capital == null:
+		push_warning(
+			"TurnProcessor: No capital for player %d to form High Archon"
+			% player.index
+		)
+		return
+	var leader_name: String = player.player_name
+	var is_female: bool = player.gender_preset == "female"
+	var capital_pos: Vector2i = (capital as CityScript).position
+	var archon: RefCounted = ArchonScript.make_high_archon(
+		player.index, capital_pos, leader_name, is_female
+	)
+	(capital as CityScript).set("archon", archon)
+	EventBus.archon_created.emit(archon, capital)
+
+
+# ── Tile yields JSON builder ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+static func build_tile_yields_json(
+	city: RefCounted, game_map: RefCounted,
+) -> String:
+	## Build JSON array of per-tile yields for a city's owned tiles.
+	var c: CityScript = city as CityScript
+	var owned_tiles: Array = c.get_owned_tiles()
+	var tiles_arr: Array[Dictionary] = []
+	for idx: int in range(owned_tiles.size()):
+		var pos: Vector2i = owned_tiles[idx] as Vector2i
+		var tile: Resource = game_map.get_tile(pos) as Resource
+		if tile == null:
+			continue
+		var yields: Dictionary = tile.get_yields(c.owner)
+		tiles_arr.append({
+			"col": pos.x,
+			"row": pos.y,
+			"food": int(yields.get("food", 0)),
+			"production": int(yields.get("production", 0)),
+			"gold": int(yields.get("gold", 0)),
+			"culture": int(yields.get("culture", 0)),
+			"science": int(yields.get("science", 0)),
+		})
+	return JSON.stringify(tiles_arr)
+
+
+# ── Private utilities ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+static func _calculate_science_income(player: RefCounted) -> int:
+	var sci_modifier: float = 1.0
+	if player is PlayerScript and not player.is_human:
+		sci_modifier = GameState.ai_difficulty_modifier
+	var science: int = int(player.science_per_turn * sci_modifier)
+	var game_map: RefCounted = GameState.get_game_map()
+	if game_map == null:
+		return science
+	for city: RefCounted in player.cities:
+		if city is CityScript:
+			var c: CityScript = city as CityScript
+			var tile_json: String = build_tile_yields_json(c, game_map)
+			var yields: Dictionary = c.get_yields(tile_json)
+			science += int(yields.get("science", 0) * sci_modifier)
+	return science
+
+
+static func _handle_tech_completion(
+	player: RefCounted, completed_tech: String,
+) -> void:
+	player.research_progress = 0
+	player.researching = ""
+	var old_school_count: int = player.schools.size()
+	player.add_tech(completed_tech)
+	if completed_tech == "arcane_lore":
+		form_high_archon(player)
+	if player.schools.size() == 2 and old_school_count < 2:
+		EventBus.school_locked.emit(player.index, player.schools.duplicate())
+	EventBus.tech_researched.emit(completed_tech, player.index)
+	_check_resource_reveals(completed_tech, player.index)
+
+
+static func _check_resource_reveals(
+	completed_tech: String, player_index: int,
+) -> void:
+	for res: Dictionary in DataLoader.get_all_resources():
+		if res.get("revealed_by_tech", "") == completed_tech:
+			EventBus.resources_revealed.emit(completed_tech, player_index)
+			return
+
+
+static func _get_healing_rate(
+	unit: RefCounted, player: RefCounted, game_map: RefCounted,
+) -> int:
+	var tile: Resource = game_map.get_tile(unit.position) as Resource
+	if tile == null:
+		return 10
+	for city_ref: RefCounted in player.cities:
+		if city_ref is CityScript and (city_ref as CityScript).position == unit.position:
+			var base_heal: int = 20
+			var building_heal: int = BuildingScript.get_healing_per_turn(city_ref)
+			if building_heal >= 999:
+				return unit.max_hp
+			return base_heal + building_heal
+	if tile.owner == player.index:
+		return 15
+	if tile.owner == -1:
+		return 10
+	return 5
+
+
+static func _find_capital(player: RefCounted) -> RefCounted:
+	for city_ref: RefCounted in player.cities:
+		if city_ref is CityScript and (city_ref as CityScript).is_capital:
+			return city_ref
+	return null
+
+
+static func _find_unit_by_render_id(unit_id: String) -> RefCounted:
+	for p: RefCounted in GameState.players:
+		for u: RefCounted in p.units:
+			if u is UnitScript and (u as UnitScript).get_render_id() == unit_id:
+				return u
+	return null