diff --git a/src/simulator/Cargo.lock b/src/simulator/Cargo.lock
index d13fa21e..0ce23d55 100644
--- a/src/simulator/Cargo.lock
+++ b/src/simulator/Cargo.lock
@@ -950,6 +950,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "mc-civics"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "mc-core",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "mc-climate"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -1023,6 +1032,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "mc-economy"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "mc-civics",
  "mc-core",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
diff --git a/src/simulator/Cargo.toml b/src/simulator/Cargo.toml
index f6db0a19..7ba6e086 100644
--- a/src/simulator/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/simulator/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ members = [
     "crates/mc-tech",
     "crates/mc-ai",
     "crates/mc-trade",
+    "crates/mc-civics",
     "crates/mc-turn",
     "crates/mc-compute",
     "crates/mc-items",
diff --git a/src/simulator/crates/mc-civics/Cargo.toml b/src/simulator/crates/mc-civics/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1810eda3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/simulator/crates/mc-civics/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "mc-civics"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+mc-core            = { path = "../mc-core" }
+serde.workspace    = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/src/simulator/crates/mc-civics/src/lib.rs b/src/simulator/crates/mc-civics/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..682b1b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/simulator/crates/mc-civics/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+//! Civic modifier resolution — p3-05e.
+//!
+//! Loads the on-disk civic catalog (`public/resources/civics/{authority,labor,
+//! economy}/*.json`, authored under p3-05b/c/d) and resolves a player's
+//! [`CivicState`] into a strongly-typed [`ResolvedModifiers`] bundle that
+//! downstream systems (mc-economy gold, mc-city specialist XP, mc-happiness)
+//! consume without re-parsing JSON every turn.
+//!
+//! ## Modifier semantics — application convention
+//!
+//! The civic JSONs use two value kinds. Each key has a fixed kind across all
+//! 15 civics; we encode the convention in the resolver so downstream consumers
+//! never need to second-guess it.
+//!
+//! | Suffix / key                          | Kind                              | Aggregation                  |
+//! |---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------------|
+//! | `*_pct` integers                       | additive percent **points**       | summed across the 3 axes     |
+//! | `*_amplifier`, `*_scalar`, `*_rate`    | multiplicative scalar (1.0 = none) | multiplied across axes       |
+//! | `*_per_city`                           | additive flat per city            | summed across axes           |
+//! | `*_per_specialist`, `*_modifier`       | additive scalar (0.0 = none)      | summed across axes           |
+//! | `market_radius_bonus`                  | additive integer tiles            | summed across axes           |
+//!
+//! ## Anarchy
+//!
+//! When an axis is set to [`AxisChoice::Anarchy`] (the sentinel used while the
+//! 5-turn switch window settles), that axis contributes **zero** modifiers
+//! regardless of catalog content. The non-anarchic axes still apply normally.
+//! See [`resolve_modifiers`] and `test_modifier_resolution_anarchy_zero`.
+//!
+//! ## Source-of-truth rail
+//!
+//! Catalog ids and modifier values come exclusively from JSON. This crate
+//! does **not** carry hardcoded balance constants. The 15 well-known modifier
+//! keys are merely a typed projection of the JSON schema — adding a new key
+//! requires extending [`ResolvedModifiers`] *and* the parser; unknown keys are
+//! ignored (logged in tests only) rather than panicking, so future civic
+//! authoring isn't blocked by enum churn.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use mc_core::civic::{AxisChoice, CivicAxis, CivicState};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Strongly-typed bundle of modifiers contributed by a player's three active
+/// civics. All fields default to the "no effect" value so callers can apply
+/// them unconditionally.
+///
+/// Fields are grouped by kind. See module docs for aggregation rules.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ResolvedModifiers {
+    // --- additive percent points (sum across axes) ---
+    /// `gold_yield_pct` — added to every city's gold income as percent points.
+    /// Resolved value is the **sum** across the three axes.
+    pub gold_yield_pct: i32,
+    /// `trade_yield_pct` — added to trade-route / market yields as percent
+    /// points.
+    pub trade_yield_pct: i32,
+    /// `building_cost_pct` — added to building production cost as percent
+    /// points (negative = cheaper).
+    pub building_cost_pct: i32,
+    /// `worker_throughput_pct` — percent-point adjustment to per-tile worker
+    /// output.
+    pub worker_throughput_pct: i32,
+    /// `great_person_rate_pct` — additive percent points to GPP accumulation.
+    pub great_person_rate_pct: i32,
+    /// `stockpile_decay_pct` — percent-point adjustment to per-turn stockpile
+    /// decay (positive = faster decay).
+    pub stockpile_decay_pct: i32,
+    /// `tax_ceiling_pct` — percent-point adjustment to the empire's max tax
+    /// rate.
+    pub tax_ceiling_pct: i32,
+    /// `tribute_extraction_pct` — additive percent points to subjugation
+    /// tribute yield.
+    pub tribute_extraction_pct: i32,
+
+    // --- multiplicative scalars (product across axes; 1.0 = no effect) ---
+    /// `inequality_amplifier` — multiplied across axes; >1 widens, <1 dampens.
+    pub inequality_amplifier: f64,
+    /// `golden_age_amplifier` — multiplied across axes.
+    pub golden_age_amplifier: f64,
+    /// `war_weariness_scalar` — multiplied across axes; >1 = harsher
+    /// weariness.
+    pub war_weariness_scalar: f64,
+    /// `specialist_xp_rate` — multiplied across axes; consumed by
+    /// `mc-city::specialist`.
+    pub specialist_xp_rate: f64,
+
+    // --- additive flat per city / per specialist (sum across axes) ---
+    /// `happiness_per_city` — flat happiness delta added to every city.
+    pub happiness_per_city: i32,
+    /// `production_per_city` — flat production delta per city.
+    pub production_per_city: i32,
+    /// `science_per_city` — flat science delta per city.
+    pub science_per_city: i32,
+    /// `unrest_per_specialist` — additive scalar; multiplied by specialist
+    /// count to compute unrest contribution.
+    pub unrest_per_specialist: f64,
+    /// `unit_upkeep_modifier` — additive scalar applied to per-unit upkeep
+    /// (negative = cheaper).
+    pub unit_upkeep_modifier: f64,
+    /// `market_radius_bonus` — additive integer tiles added to a city's
+    /// market reach.
+    pub market_radius_bonus: i32,
+}
+
+impl Default for ResolvedModifiers {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            gold_yield_pct: 0,
+            trade_yield_pct: 0,
+            building_cost_pct: 0,
+            worker_throughput_pct: 0,
+            great_person_rate_pct: 0,
+            stockpile_decay_pct: 0,
+            tax_ceiling_pct: 0,
+            tribute_extraction_pct: 0,
+            inequality_amplifier: 1.0,
+            golden_age_amplifier: 1.0,
+            war_weariness_scalar: 1.0,
+            specialist_xp_rate: 1.0,
+            happiness_per_city: 0,
+            production_per_city: 0,
+            science_per_city: 0,
+            unrest_per_specialist: 0.0,
+            unit_upkeep_modifier: 0.0,
+            market_radius_bonus: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// One civic's parsed modifier set, keyed by JSON id. Internal to the catalog;
+/// downstream callers only see [`ResolvedModifiers`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+struct CatalogEntry {
+    id: String,
+    axis: CivicAxis,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    modifiers: HashMap<String, serde_json::Value>,
+}
+
+/// In-memory catalog of all civics across the three axes. Built once per
+/// game (typically at boot) and shared across players.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct CivicCatalog {
+    by_id: HashMap<String, CatalogEntry>,
+}
+
+impl CivicCatalog {
+    /// Load all civic JSONs under `civics_root/{authority,labor,economy}/`.
+    ///
+    /// `civics_root` is typically `public/resources/civics`. Missing axis
+    /// directories are an error.
+    pub fn load_from_dir(civics_root: &Path) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        let mut by_id = HashMap::new();
+        for axis_dir in ["authority", "labor", "economy"] {
+            let dir = civics_root.join(axis_dir);
+            for entry in std::fs::read_dir(&dir)? {
+                let entry = entry?;
+                let path = entry.path();
+                if path.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) != Some("json") {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let raw = std::fs::read_to_string(&path)?;
+                let civic: CatalogEntry = serde_json::from_str(&raw).map_err(|e| {
+                    std::io::Error::new(
+                        std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                        format!("parse {}: {e}", path.display()),
+                    )
+                })?;
+                by_id.insert(civic.id.clone(), civic);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Self { by_id })
+    }
+
+    /// Locate the canonical `public/resources/civics` directory by walking up
+    /// from `CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR`. Convenience used by tests; production code
+    /// should pass an explicit path from game-pack config.
+    pub fn workspace_default_path() -> PathBuf {
+        // From `crates/mc-civics`, walk up two parents to `src/simulator`, then
+        // up two more to repo root, then into `public/resources/civics`.
+        // ancestors(): [0]=crates/mc-civics, [1]=crates, [2]=src/simulator.
+        // `src/simulator/public` is a symlink to repo-root `public/`.
+        Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .ancestors()
+            .nth(2)
+            .expect("walk up to src/simulator")
+            .join("public/resources/civics")
+    }
+
+    /// Number of catalog entries (15 in the Game 1 catalog).
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.by_id.len()
+    }
+
+    /// True if the catalog has no entries (empty filesystem load).
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.by_id.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// Look up a civic by id. Returns `None` for the anarchy sentinel and any
+    /// id not in the on-disk catalog.
+    fn get(&self, id: &str) -> Option<&CatalogEntry> {
+        self.by_id.get(id)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Map an [`AxisChoice`] to its catalog id. The anarchy sentinel yields
+/// `None`, signalling "no modifiers from this axis".
+fn axis_choice_id(choice: &AxisChoice) -> Option<String> {
+    Some(match choice {
+        // Authority axis defaults — the chieftainship default has no catalog
+        // entry yet (Game 1 starting civic predates the JSON-driven catalog).
+        // We map enumerated variants to plausible catalog ids; unknown variants
+        // route through Custom.
+        AxisChoice::Chieftainship => "tribal_council".into(),
+        AxisChoice::Monarchy => "hereditary_crown".into(),
+        AxisChoice::Republic => "dwarven_republic".into(),
+        AxisChoice::LaborPool => "kin_bond_labor".into(),
+        AxisChoice::Guilds => "guild_apprenticeship".into(),
+        AxisChoice::Serfdom => "indentured_crews".into(),
+        AxisChoice::Mercantilism => "mercantile_markets".into(),
+        AxisChoice::Tradition => "communal_stores".into(),
+        AxisChoice::FreeMarket => "industrial_capitalism".into(),
+        AxisChoice::Anarchy => return None,
+        AxisChoice::Custom(s) => s.clone(),
+    })
+}
+
+/// Resolve the three active civics in `state` against `catalog` into a typed
+/// modifier bundle. Anarchy axes contribute nothing. Unknown ids contribute
+/// nothing (forward-compatible with civic content not yet shipped).
+pub fn resolve_modifiers(state: &CivicState, catalog: &CivicCatalog) -> ResolvedModifiers {
+    let mut out = ResolvedModifiers::default();
+    for slot in [&state.authority, &state.labor, &state.economy] {
+        let Some(id) = axis_choice_id(slot) else { continue };
+        let Some(entry) = catalog.get(&id) else { continue };
+        apply_entry(&mut out, entry);
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+fn apply_entry(out: &mut ResolvedModifiers, entry: &CatalogEntry) {
+    for (key, raw) in &entry.modifiers {
+        match key.as_str() {
+            // additive percent points
+            "gold_yield_pct" => out.gold_yield_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            "trade_yield_pct" => out.trade_yield_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            "building_cost_pct" => out.building_cost_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            "worker_throughput_pct" => out.worker_throughput_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            "great_person_rate_pct" => out.great_person_rate_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            "stockpile_decay_pct" => out.stockpile_decay_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            "tax_ceiling_pct" => out.tax_ceiling_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            "tribute_extraction_pct" => out.tribute_extraction_pct += as_i32(raw),
+            // multiplicative scalars
+            "inequality_amplifier" => out.inequality_amplifier *= as_f64(raw),
+            "golden_age_amplifier" => out.golden_age_amplifier *= as_f64(raw),
+            "war_weariness_scalar" => out.war_weariness_scalar *= as_f64(raw),
+            "specialist_xp_rate" => out.specialist_xp_rate *= as_f64(raw),
+            // additive flat
+            "happiness_per_city" => out.happiness_per_city += as_i32(raw),
+            "production_per_city" => out.production_per_city += as_i32(raw),
+            "science_per_city" => out.science_per_city += as_i32(raw),
+            "unrest_per_specialist" => out.unrest_per_specialist += as_f64(raw),
+            "unit_upkeep_modifier" => out.unit_upkeep_modifier += as_f64(raw),
+            "market_radius_bonus" => out.market_radius_bonus += as_i32(raw),
+            _ => { /* forward-compatible: ignore unknown keys */ }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn as_i32(v: &serde_json::Value) -> i32 {
+    v.as_i64().map(|n| n as i32).unwrap_or_else(|| as_f64(v) as i32)
+}
+
+fn as_f64(v: &serde_json::Value) -> f64 {
+    v.as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn catalog() -> CivicCatalog {
+        CivicCatalog::load_from_dir(&CivicCatalog::workspace_default_path())
+            .expect("load civic catalog")
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_catalog_loads_15_entries() {
+        let c = catalog();
+        assert_eq!(c.len(), 15, "expected 15 catalog entries across 3 axes");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_modifier_resolution_anarchy_zero() {
+        let catalog = catalog();
+        let state = CivicState {
+            authority: AxisChoice::Anarchy,
+            labor: AxisChoice::Anarchy,
+            economy: AxisChoice::Anarchy,
+            anarchy_turns_remaining: 5,
+        };
+        let mods = resolve_modifiers(&state, &catalog);
+        assert_eq!(mods, ResolvedModifiers::default(),
+            "all-anarchy state must yield default (zero-effect) modifiers");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_partial_anarchy_keeps_other_axes() {
+        let catalog = catalog();
+        let mercantile_only = CivicState {
+            authority: AxisChoice::Anarchy,
+            labor: AxisChoice::Anarchy,
+            economy: AxisChoice::Mercantilism,
+            anarchy_turns_remaining: 5,
+        };
+        let mods = resolve_modifiers(&mercantile_only, &catalog);
+        // mercantile_markets contributes gold_yield_pct: 20, trade_yield_pct: 25
+        assert_eq!(mods.gold_yield_pct, 20);
+        assert_eq!(mods.trade_yield_pct, 25);
+        assert!((mods.inequality_amplifier - 1.20).abs() < 1e-9);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_mercantile_vs_planned_gold_yield_sign() {
+        let catalog = catalog();
+        let mercantile = CivicState {
+            authority: AxisChoice::Chieftainship,
+            labor: AxisChoice::LaborPool,
+            economy: AxisChoice::Mercantilism,
+            anarchy_turns_remaining: 0,
+        };
+        let planned = CivicState {
+            authority: AxisChoice::Chieftainship,
+            labor: AxisChoice::LaborPool,
+            economy: AxisChoice::Custom("planned_economy".into()),
+            anarchy_turns_remaining: 0,
+        };
+        let m_mods = resolve_modifiers(&mercantile, &catalog);
+        let p_mods = resolve_modifiers(&planned, &catalog);
+        // mercantile_markets gold_yield_pct = 20, planned_economy = -5
+        // → mercantile gold should be strictly higher than planned
+        assert!(m_mods.gold_yield_pct > p_mods.gold_yield_pct,
+            "mercantile ({}) should exceed planned ({})",
+            m_mods.gold_yield_pct, p_mods.gold_yield_pct);
+        // mercantile inequality 1.20, planned 0.25 → mercantile higher
+        assert!(m_mods.inequality_amplifier > p_mods.inequality_amplifier);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_default_state_has_no_unexpected_modifiers() {
+        // Game-1 defaults: chieftainship + kin_bond_labor + tribal? Actually
+        // economy default is Mercantilism in the enum — verify the resolver
+        // at least returns *some* effect from the starting kit.
+        let catalog = catalog();
+        let state = CivicState::default();
+        let _mods = resolve_modifiers(&state, &catalog);
+        // Smoke: doesn't panic, returns finite values.
+        // No strict equality — starting kit may evolve under future tickets.
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/Cargo.toml b/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/Cargo.toml
index 57d184ba..52f2b503 100644
--- a/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 mc-core      = { path = "../mc-core" }
+mc-civics    = { path = "../mc-civics" }
 serde.workspace      = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 
diff --git a/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/src/city_yield.rs b/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/src/city_yield.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..868c4a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/src/city_yield.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+//! Per-city yield computation with civic modifier propagation — p3-05e.
+//!
+//! Applies the typed [`ResolvedModifiers`] bundle from `mc-civics` to a raw
+//! per-city yield in the documented order:
+//!
+//! 1. **base** — the un-modified yield from buildings + tiles + specialists
+//! 2. **additive** — flat per-city contributions (`production_per_city`,
+//!    `science_per_city`, `happiness_per_city`)
+//! 3. **multiplicative** — percent-point bonuses (`gold_yield_pct`,
+//!    `trade_yield_pct`) applied as `base * (1 + pct/100)`
+//!
+//! All inputs are typed structs; this module performs no I/O and reads no
+//! globals. Anarchy modifiers (the 5-turn penalty layer) remain owned by
+//! [`crate::anarchy`] and run *after* civic modifiers — civic effects compute
+//! the "in normal times" yield first, then anarchy zeroes/halves on top.
+
+use mc_civics::ResolvedModifiers;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// One city's pre-civic raw yields. Caller fills this from buildings, tiles
+/// and specialists; civic modifiers fold in via [`compute`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CityYield {
+    /// Gold from buildings + tiles before civic bonuses.
+    pub gold: i32,
+    /// Production hammers before civic bonuses.
+    pub production: i32,
+    /// Science beakers before civic bonuses.
+    pub science: i32,
+    /// Trade-route gold before civic bonuses.
+    pub trade: i32,
+    /// Happiness contribution before civic bonuses.
+    pub happiness: i32,
+}
+
+/// Apply civic modifiers to a single city's raw yields and return the modified
+/// bundle. Pure function — no I/O, no global state.
+///
+/// Application order matches the doc comment on this module:
+/// base → additive → multiplicative. The multiplicative step uses
+/// `floor((base + flat) * (1 + pct/100))` so integer yields stay deterministic
+/// across platforms.
+pub fn compute(base: CityYield, mods: &ResolvedModifiers) -> CityYield {
+    // Step 2: additive flats from civics.
+    let prod_flat = base.production + mods.production_per_city;
+    let sci_flat = base.science + mods.science_per_city;
+    let happy_flat = base.happiness + mods.happiness_per_city;
+    // Gold and trade have no flat-per-city civic in the Game-1 catalog, but
+    // we still route them through the multiplicative step for symmetry.
+    let gold_flat = base.gold;
+    let trade_flat = base.trade;
+
+    // Step 3: percent-point bonuses → fractional multiplier.
+    let gold_mult = 1.0 + (mods.gold_yield_pct as f64) / 100.0;
+    let trade_mult = 1.0 + (mods.trade_yield_pct as f64) / 100.0;
+
+    CityYield {
+        gold: (gold_flat as f64 * gold_mult).floor() as i32,
+        trade: (trade_flat as f64 * trade_mult).floor() as i32,
+        production: prod_flat,
+        science: sci_flat,
+        happiness: happy_flat,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use mc_civics::{resolve_modifiers, CivicCatalog};
+    use mc_core::civic::{AxisChoice, CivicState};
+
+    fn catalog() -> CivicCatalog {
+        CivicCatalog::load_from_dir(&CivicCatalog::workspace_default_path())
+            .expect("load catalog")
+    }
+
+    fn baseline() -> CityYield {
+        CityYield {
+            gold: 100,
+            production: 50,
+            science: 30,
+            trade: 40,
+            happiness: 5,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_no_modifiers_is_identity() {
+        let mods = ResolvedModifiers::default();
+        let out = compute(baseline(), &mods);
+        // Default modifiers (all zeros / 1.0x) preserve every base yield.
+        assert_eq!(out.gold, 100);
+        assert_eq!(out.production, 50);
+        assert_eq!(out.science, 30);
+        assert_eq!(out.trade, 40);
+        assert_eq!(out.happiness, 5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_civic_modifier_changes_yield() {
+        // Acceptance bullet: switching from mercantile_markets to
+        // planned_economy measurably shifts per-city gold yield in the
+        // documented direction (mercantile up, planned down).
+        let catalog = catalog();
+        let mercantile = CivicState {
+            authority: AxisChoice::Chieftainship,
+            labor: AxisChoice::LaborPool,
+            economy: AxisChoice::Mercantilism,
+            anarchy_turns_remaining: 0,
+        };
+        let planned = CivicState {
+            authority: AxisChoice::Chieftainship,
+            labor: AxisChoice::LaborPool,
+            economy: AxisChoice::Custom("planned_economy".into()),
+            anarchy_turns_remaining: 0,
+        };
+        let m_mods = resolve_modifiers(&mercantile, &catalog);
+        let p_mods = resolve_modifiers(&planned, &catalog);
+
+        let m_out = compute(baseline(), &m_mods);
+        let p_out = compute(baseline(), &p_mods);
+
+        // mercantile_markets: gold_yield_pct = +20 → 100 * 1.20 = 120
+        // planned_economy:    gold_yield_pct = -5  → 100 * 0.95 = 95
+        assert_eq!(m_out.gold, 120, "mercantile gold (expected 120 from +20%)");
+        assert_eq!(p_out.gold, 95, "planned gold (expected 95 from -5%)");
+        assert!(m_out.gold > p_out.gold,
+            "mercantile gold must exceed planned");
+        // trade: mercantile +25%, planned -10%
+        assert_eq!(m_out.trade, (40.0 * 1.25) as i32);
+        assert_eq!(p_out.trade, (40.0 * 0.90) as i32);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_anarchy_axis_does_not_contribute() {
+        // If the economy axis is in anarchy, gold_yield_pct from that axis is
+        // zero — base yields pass through unchanged.
+        let catalog = catalog();
+        let state = CivicState {
+            authority: AxisChoice::Chieftainship,
+            labor: AxisChoice::LaborPool,
+            economy: AxisChoice::Anarchy,
+            anarchy_turns_remaining: 5,
+        };
+        let mods = resolve_modifiers(&state, &catalog);
+        let out = compute(baseline(), &mods);
+        // Authority/labor defaults map to tribal_council / kin_bond_labor.
+        // Neither defines gold_yield_pct or trade_yield_pct, so gold/trade
+        // pass through untouched.
+        assert_eq!(out.gold, 100);
+        assert_eq!(out.trade, 40);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_application_order_additive_before_multiplicative() {
+        // Synthetic modifier with both flat and percent components to verify
+        // the documented order. Gold has no flat-per-city civic in the
+        // catalog, so we exercise production_per_city instead.
+        let mut mods = ResolvedModifiers::default();
+        mods.production_per_city = 10;
+        mods.gold_yield_pct = 50;
+        let out = compute(baseline(), &mods);
+        // production: 50 + 10 (flat) = 60, no percent term
+        assert_eq!(out.production, 60);
+        // gold: 100 * 1.50 = 150
+        assert_eq!(out.gold, 150);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/src/lib.rs b/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/src/lib.rs
index bb467aa6..001ab34c 100644
--- a/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/simulator/crates/mc-economy/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 pub mod anarchy;
 pub mod cascade;
+pub mod city_yield;
 pub mod gold;
 pub mod inequality;
 pub mod stockpile;
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ pub use anarchy::{
     process_anarchy, ANARCHY_PRODUCTION_MULTIPLIER,
 };
 pub use cascade::{emit as cascade_emit, CascadeConfig};
+pub use city_yield::{compute as compute_city_yield, CityYield};
 pub use gold::{process_gold, CityGoldInput, GoldResult, UnitMaintenanceInput};
 pub use inequality::{amplified as inequality_amplified, compute as inequality_compute, coefficient_of_variation, InequalityStat};
 pub use stockpile::{Stockpile, StockpileError};